4.5.2. Fourth Declension in Examples

1. Nominative Singular Animate in -os; as in wlqos

2. Accusative Singular Animate in -om; as in wlqom

3. Vocative Singular Animate in -e; as in wlqe

5. The Nom.-Acc.-Voc. Singular Inanimate in -om; as in jugom, newom

4. Genitive Singular in -os, -osio, -e/oso, or -i; as in wlqosio / wlqeso / wlqi,

NOTE. The original form -os is rare, as the Genitive has to be distinguished from the Nominative. This disambiguation happens, as already said, by alternatively lengthening the ending or changing it altogether. This Declension is probably recent in IE III - even though it happened already in IE II - and that's why it is homogeneous, without variations in vocalism nor in accent; the major problem is the distinction between Genitive and Nominative.

6. Dative Singular in -oi, -o : wlqoi, newoi

7. Locative Singular in -oi, -ei : wlqoi, newoi

8. Instrumental Singular in -o : wlqo, newo

9. The Ablative Singular is formed in  -od, and sometimes in -ed: wlqod, newod

 SINGULAR

 

m. wlqo

n. jugo

NOM.

wlqos

jugom

ACC.

wlqom

jugom

VOC.

wlqe

jugom

GEN.

wlqosio

jugos

DAT.

wlqoi

jugoi

LOC.

wlqoi

jugoi

INS.

wlqo

jugo

Abl.

wlqod

jugod